80 Lowers: A Comprehensive Guide for Firearm Enthusiasts

Firearm enthusiasts often look for ways to customize their weapons and have greater control over the building process. One popular component for firearm customization is the “80 lower.” If you’re new to this concept, or looking for more information on how 80 lowers can enhance your firearm experience, this guide will walk you through everything you need to know.

What is an 80 Lower?

An “80 lower” is a partially finished firearm receiver, typically for an AR-15, AR-10, or other firearms. The term “80%” refers to the fact that the receiver is 80% complete, meaning it requires additional machining before it can be assembled as a fully functional firearm. This part is usually crafted from materials such as aluminum or polymer and requires specific drilling and milling to convert it into a usable firearm component.

Since the receiver is the legally controlled part of a firearm, an 80 lower is not considered a firearm until it’s fully milled out and assembled. Thus, purchasing and owning an 80 lower often involves fewer legal restrictions compared to buying a fully operational firearm.

Why Choose an 80 Lower?

Choosing an 80 lower comes with several advantages:

1. Customization: Building a firearm from scratch allows you to select every component to meet your specific needs and preferences. You can decide on elements like the trigger, barrel, stock, and optics.
2. Cost Savings: Many enthusiasts find that building a firearm with an 80 lower can be more affordable than buying a fully assembled firearm.
3. Privacy and Compliance: In some regions, buying and building an 80 lower does not require the same paperwork, background checks, or serial numbers that completed firearms do. However, it is essential to understand the laws in your specific location.
4. Learning Experience: Building a firearm from an 80 lower is an educational process. It allows you to gain hands-on knowledge of how your firearm works, how to maintain it, and how each part interacts with the others.

Legal Considerations for 80 Lowers

The legality of purchasing, possessing, and completing an 80 lower varies widely from one region to another. In the United States, for example:

• Federal Law: Federal law does not classify an 80 lower as a firearm, so you can purchase it without the same requirements as buying a finished firearm. However, as soon as you finish the lower receiver, it becomes a firearm under federal law, and restrictions apply.
• State Laws: Many states have different regulations for 80 lowers. Some states require a serial number and registration, even for homemade firearms, while others restrict the completion of 80 lowers entirely. Always check your state’s laws before beginning your build.
• Transport and Transfer Laws: Once completed, an 80 lower-turned-firearm may be subject to the same transport and transfer laws as a purchased firearm.

Staying updated on local regulations is crucial, as firearm laws can change frequently. Ignorance of the law is never a defense, so thorough research and, if necessary, consulting a legal expert is advised.

How to Complete an 80 Lower

Completing an 80 lower involves precise machining to convert it into a functional receiver. Here’s an overview of the process:

1. Gathering Necessary Tools

To finish an 80 lower, you’ll need some specific tools, including:

• Jig Kit: A jig kit holds your 80 lower in place and guides your drilling and milling processes. Some jigs are universal, while others are designed for specific types of 80 lowers.
• Drill Press or Mill: You’ll need a drill press or mill to complete the lower. A mill provides more precision but is also more expensive.
• Bits and End Mills: High-quality drill bits and end mills are necessary to cut through the material accurately.

2. Using the Jig

The jig will guide you through each step of the machining process. The basic steps usually involve drilling pilot holes in specific areas, followed by milling out the fire control group pocket. Precision and accuracy are vital to ensure the receiver functions correctly.

3. Drilling Holes for Pins

Drilling holes for the trigger and hammer pins must be done with care, as these parts will align the internal components and ensure reliable firing and cycling.

4. Testing and Assembly

Once the receiver is finished, you can start adding other components to build your firearm. This can include the barrel, stock, trigger, and any other customization options you prefer. Always test the completed firearm for safety and functionality before regular use.

Types of 80 Lowers

There are several types of 80 lowers available for different firearms. The most popular options include:

1. AR-15 80 Lowers: These are widely used and highly customizable, making them a popular choice among firearm enthusiasts.
2. AR-10 80 Lowers: Designed for larger calibers, AR-10 lowers offer more power and are ideal for long-range shooting.
3. Polymer 80 Lowers: Polymer 80 lowers are made from high-strength polymers, which make them lighter and often easier to machine than metal alternatives.
4. 1911 and Glock Style 80 Lowers: Some manufacturers offer 80 lowers for handguns, allowing enthusiasts to customize and build their own handguns.

Safety Tips for Working with 80 Lowers

Working on an 80 lower requires attention to detail and adherence to safety protocols. Here are some tips to ensure a safe experience:

• Wear Safety Gear: Always wear eye and ear protection when drilling or milling, as small metal shavings can be hazardous.
• Work in a Clean Environment: A cluttered workspace can lead to accidents. Ensure you have enough room for all tools and components.
• Double-Check Measurements: Precision is crucial when working on an 80 lower. One mistake in measurements or drilling can make the receiver non-functional.
• Follow Local Laws: Make sure you understand and follow the laws related to 80 lowers and firearm assembly in your area.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About 80 Lowers

1. Do I Need a Background Check to Buy an 80 Lower?

In many places, you do not need a background check to purchase an 80 lower. However, state laws vary, so it’s always best to confirm the requirements in your area.

2. Is It Legal to Sell a Completed 80 Lower?

Selling a completed 80 lower may be illegal in some places, especially if it lacks a serial number. Even if legal, this process may require you to register as a firearm manufacturer.

3. Can I Use an 80 Lower to Build Any Firearm?

Not all firearms have 80 lower kits available. The most common options are for AR-style rifles and certain handguns like Glock and 1911 models.

4. How Much Does It Cost to Build a Firearm with an 80 Lower?

Costs vary based on the components you choose and the tools you need. However, building with an 80 lower can often be more affordable than purchasing a complete firearm.

Conclusion

For firearm enthusiasts, an 80 lower provides a unique way to customize and build a firearm from the ground up. The benefits of customization, cost savings, and privacy make it an attractive option. However, it’s essential to thoroughly research your local and federal laws to ensure compliance and safety. With the right tools and careful precision, completing an 80 lower can be a rewarding experience that leads to a custom-built firearm suited to your exact preferences.

If you’re considering diving into the world of 80 lowers, approach the project with patience and a commitment to learning the nuances of firearm construction. The result will be a firearm built by you, for you, making the experience that much more satisfying.